Tugas Softskill Bahas inggris 2 bulan ke 2 (Exercise 2)

By Aldian Ferla

Connection / Conjunction
    
           Conjunction is a conjunction used to connect two or more words, two sentences or more in order to be a sentence that have the meanings and be understood.
  
Exercise 33: Because/Becase of

1. It was difficult to deliver the letter because the sender had written the weong address on the envelove.
2. We decide to leave early because the party was boring.
3. Rescue attempt were temporarily halted because of the bad weather.
4. They visitedtheir friends often beacause they enjoy their company.
5. Paul cannoot got to the football game  because of his grades.
6. Marcella was awarded a scholarship because of her superior scolastic ability.
7. Nobody ventured outdoors because of the hurricane warming.
8. We plant to spend our vacation in the mauntains because the air is purer there.
9. We have to drive arround the bay because the bridge was destroye in the storm.
10. The chickens have died because of the intense heat.

Exercise 34: So/Such
1. The sun shone so brightly that Maria had to put on her sunglasses.
2. Dean was such a powerfull swimmer that the always won the races.
3. There were such few student registered that the class was cancelled.
4. We had such wonderfull memories of that place that we decided to return.
5. We had so good a time at the party that we hated to leave.
6. The benefit was so great a success that the promoters decide to repeat it.
7. It was such a nice daythat we decided to go to the beach.
8. Jane looked so sick that the nurse told her to go home.
9. Those were so difficult assigments that we spent two weeks finishing them.
10. Ray called such an early hour that we weren't awake yet.
11. The book looked so interesting that he decided to read it.
12. He worked so carefully that it took him a long time to complete the project.
13. We stayed in the sun for such a long time that we became sunbumed.
14. There were so many people on the bus that we decided to walk.
15. The program was such entertaining that nobody wanted to miss it.




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Tugas Softskill Bahas inggris 2 bulan ke 4 (Exercise 4)

By Aldian Ferla


Relative clauses – defining relative clauses
Relative clauses add extra information to a sentence by defining a noun. They are usually divided into two types – defining relative clauses and non-defining relative clauses.Defining relative clauses

Look at this sentence:
  • The woman who lives next door works in a bank. 
‘who lives next door’ is a defining relative clause. It tells us which woman we are talking about.

Look at some more examples:
  • Look out! There’s the dog that bit my brother.
  • The film that we saw last week was awful.
  • This is the skirt I bought in the sales.
Can you identify the defining relative clauses? They tell us which dog, which film and which skirt we are talking about.Relative pronouns
Relative clauses are often introduced by a relative pronoun (usually who,which, that, but when, where and whose are also possible)

With defining relative clauses we can use who or that to talk about people.
  • She’s the woman who cuts my hair.
  • She’s the woman that cuts my hair. 
And we can use that or which to talk about things.
  • The dog that bit my brother.
  • The dog which bit my brother. 
It is also sometimes possible to omit the relative pronoun.
  • This is the skirt that I bought in the sales.
  • This is the skirt which I bought in the sales.
  • This is the skirt I bought in the sales. 
In this sentence ‘skirt’ is the object of the verb (buy). ‘I’ is the subject. When the relative pronoun is the object, it can be omitted.
  • The film we saw last week was awful.
  • BUT The dog bit my brother. This is not possible because the dog is the subject of the verb, ‘bite’. 

  • Exercise 37. Relative Clauses 
1.    The last record which produced by this company became a gold record.
2.    Checking accounts that require a minimum balance are very common now.
3.    The professor whose you spoke yesterday is not here today.
4.    John whose grades are the highest in the school, has received a scholarship.
5.    Felipe bought a camera that has three lenses.
6.    Frank are who were nominated for the office of treasurer.
7.    The doctor is with a patient whose leg was broken in an accident.
8.    Jane is the woman who is going to China next year.
9.    Janet wants a typewriter whose self-corrects.
10. This book that I found last week, contains some useful information.
11. Mr. Bryant whose team has lost the game, looks very sad.
12. James wrote an article whose indicated that he diskiled the president.
13. The director of the program whose graduated from Havard University, is planning to retire next year.
14. This is the book that I Have been looking for all year.
15. William whose brother is a lawyer, want to become a judge.

  • Exercise 38. Relative Clause Reduction 
1.    George is the man chosen to represent the committee at the convention.
2.    All of the money accepted has already been released.
3.    The papers on the table belong to Patricia.
4.    The man brought to the police station confessed to the crime.
5.    The girl drinking coffe, is Mary Allen.
6.    John’s wife, a professor, has written several papers on this subject.
7.    The man talking to the policeman, is my uncle.
8.    The book on the top shelf, is the one that I need.
9.    The number of students have been counted is quite high.
10. Leo Evans, a doctor, eats in this restaurant every day.



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pengertian, rumus, contoh passive

By Aldian Ferla



Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan, sebaliknya, kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun demikian, sering kita temukan passive voice di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya.
Contoh :
  • Active : We fertilize the soil every 6 months
  • Passive: The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months
Dari contoh ini dapat kita lihat bahwa:
  1. Object dari active voice (the soil) menjadi subject dari passive voice
  2. Subject dari active voice (we) menjadi object dari passive voice. Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi perubahan dari subject pronoun ‘we’ menjadi object pronoun ‘us’.
  3. Verb1 (fertilize) pada active voice menjadi verb3 (fertilized) pada passive voice.
  4. Ditambahkannya be ‘is’ di depan verb3. Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan. (Perhatikan pola-pola passive voice di bawah).
  5. Ditambahkannya kata ‘by’ di belakang verb3. Namun, jika object dari passive voice dianggap tidak penting atau tidak diketahui, maka object biasanya tidak dikemukakan dan begitu pula kata ‘by’.
  6. Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan “being”, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi. Perhatikan contoh-contoh pada poin h – odi bawah.
Berdasarkan keenam poin di atas maka passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:
Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier
Pola active dan passive voice pada tiap tensis

a. Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahis, am atau are.
Contoh:
  • Active    : He meets them everyday.
  • Passive  : They are met by him everyday.
  • Active    : She waters this plant every two days.
  • Passive  : This plant is watered by her every two days.
b. Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahwas atau were
Contoh:
  • Active    : He met them yesterday
  • Passive  : They were met by him yesterday
  • Active    : She watered this plant this morning
  • Passive  : This plant was watered by her this morning
c. Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has been’ atau ‘have been’
Contoh:
  • Active    : He has met them
  • Passive  : They have been met by him
  • Active    : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes.
  • Passive  : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.

d. Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahbeen yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been
Contoh:
  • Active    : He had met them before I came.
  • Passive  : They had been met by him before I came.
  • Active    : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here
  • Passive  : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here
e. Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahbe
Contoh:
  • Active    : He will meet them tomorrow.
  • Passive  : They will be met by him tomorrow.
  • Active    : She will water this plant this afternoon.
  • Passive  : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon.
  • Active    : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week
  • Passive  : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week.
f. Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahbeen yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’
Contoh:
  • Active    : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow.
  • Passive  : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.
  • Active   : She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon.
  • Passive  : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon.
g. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’.
Contoh:
  • Active    : He would have met them.
  • Passive  : They would have been met by him.
  • Active    : She would have watered this plant.
  • Passive  : This plant would have been watered by her.
h. Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau are) + being.
Contoh:
  • Active    : He is meeting them now.
  • Passive  : They are being met by him now.
  • Active    : She is watering this plant now.
  • Passive  : This plant is being watered by her now.

i. Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (was atau were) + being.
Contoh:
  • Active    : He was meeting them.
  • Passive  : They were being met by him.
  • Active    : She was watering this plant.
  • Passive  : This plant was being watered by her.
j. Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been + being.
Contoh:
  • Active    : He has been meeting them.
  • Passive  : They have been being met by him.
  • Active    : She has been watering this plant.
  • Passive  : This plant has been being watered by her.
k. Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah had been + being.
Contoh:
  • Active    : He had been meeting them.
  • Passive  : They had been being met by him.
  • Active    : She had been watering this plant.
  • Passive  : This plant had been being watered by her.
l. Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will be + being.
Contoh:
  • Active    : He will be meeting them.
  • Passive  : They will be being met by him.
  • Active    : She will be watering this plant.
  • Passive  : This plant will be being watered by her.
m. Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would be + being.
Contoh:
  • Active    : He would be meeting them.
  • Passive  : They would be being met by him.
  • Active    : She would be watering this plant.
  • Passive   : This plant would be being watered by her.
n. Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will have been + being.
Contoh:
  • Active    : He will have been meeting them.
  • Passive  : They will have been being met by him.
  • Active    : She will have been watering this plant.
  • Passive  : This plant will have been being watered by her.
o. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would have been + being.
Contoh:
  • Active    : He would be meeting them.
  • Passive  : They would be being met by him.
  • Active    : She would be watering this plant.
  • Passive  : This plant would be being watered by her.
Contoh-contoh yang lain:
  1. Koko’s nose is bleeding. He was punched by his friend right on his nose. (Hidung Koko sedang berdarah. Dia dipukul oleh temannya tepat di hidungnya).
  2. The Indonesian football team was beaten by the Saudi Arabian team. (Team sepakbola Indonesia dikalahkan oleh team arab Saudi).
  3. These plants were watered by my sister a few minutes ago. (Tanaman-tanaman ini disirami oleh adikku beberapa menit yang lalu).
  4. There is no meal left. All has been devoured by Yeyes. (Tidak ada makan yang tersisa. Semuanya telah dilahap habis oleh Yeyes).
  5. English is studied by all high school students. (Bahasa Inggris dipelajari oleh semua murid sekolah menengah lanjutan (SMP dan SMA).



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